During normal defecation the IAS relaxes. Historically, tone generation in gastrointestinal muscles was attributed to mechanisms arising directly from smooth muscle cells, ie, myogenic activity. However, slow waves are now known to play a fundamental role in regulating gastrointestinal motility and these electrical events are generated by the interstitial cells of Cajal. Recently, interstitial cells of Cajal, as well as slow waves, have also been identified in the IAS making them viable candidates for tone generation.

As HIV is very effectively acquired during condomless receptive anal intercourse AI with serodiscordant and viremic partners, the practice could contribute to the high prevalence among female sex workers FSW in eSwatini formerly known as Swaziland. We estimated the prevalence of AI and AI with inconsistent condom use in the past month with any partner type, and inconsistent condom use during AI and vaginal intercourse VI by partner type. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify behavioural and structural correlates associated with AI and AI with inconsistent condom use. Correlates of AI with inconsistent condom use were similar to those of AI. Sex act data are needed to determine how frequently AI is practiced. Interventions to address barriers to condom use are needed, as are biomedical interventions that reduce acquisition risk during AI.

Background: The incidence of anal cancer has increased in recent decades, particularly among women. To identify underlying risk factors, we conducted a population-based case-control study in Denmark and Sweden. Methods: We conducted telephone interviews with women and 93 men in whom invasive or in situ anal cancer was diagnosed between and , controls with adenocarcinoma of the rectum, and population controls.

Paget's disease has been classified as mammary and extramammary. Mammary Paget's disease is an adenocarcinoma originating mainly in the mammary duct and characterized by eczematous erosion. Perianal Paget's disease, defined as intraepithelial adenocarcinoma of the perianal skin 1 , 2 is a rare condition.